Gum Bleeding: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Bleeding gums may occur as a result of using a hard toothbrush or brushing too vigorously. This happens because gums are made of delicate tissues and, therefore, can easily be damaged by poor brushing techniques. However, it is also important to note that gum bleeding may not only be caused by mechanical irritation but can also signal an underlying oral health problem or a systemic condition.

1. What Causes Gum Bleeding?

Poor oral hygiene is one of the most common causes of gum bleeding. In fact, when dental plaque and tartar accumulate, they create the perfect environment for bacteria to multiply. As a result, these bacteria irritate the gums, which in turn leads to inflammation and, eventually, bleeding.

Gum diseases

  • Gingivitis: inflammation of the gums caused by bacterial plaque.

  • Periodontitis: a deeper infection affecting the supporting tissues of the tooth. According to the WHO, periodontitis affects 10–15% of the world’s population.

Nutritional deficiencies
Vitamin deficiencies, particularly in vitamin C and K, can weaken the gums. A balanced diet is essential for oral health.

Hormonal factors
Hormonal changes (especially during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause) can make gums more sensitive.

Certain medications
Drugs such as anticoagulants, immunosuppressive treatments, or chemotherapy can increase the risk of gum bleeding.

Underlying health conditions
Chronic gum bleeding may sometimes be a symptom of conditions such as blood clotting disorders (hemophilia, leukemia), platelet disorders, vascular diseases, or diabetes.

2. How to Prevent Gum Bleeding?

Oral Hygiene

Oral Hygiene

To begin with, maintaining good oral hygiene is essential. Brushing your teeth twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and using gentle circular movements helps protect the gums; at the same time, the toothbrush should be replaced every three months for optimal effectiveness. In addition, dental floss should be used daily to remove plaque between the teeth, while an antiseptic mouthwash can further reduce oral bacteria.

Dietary Adjustments

Dietary Adjustments

Prevention also depends on a balanced diet. For example, increasing vitamin C intake through citrus fruits and green vegetables strengthens the gums, whereas consuming foods rich in vitamin K, such as spinach and broccoli, supports healthy clotting. On the other hand, limiting sugar and processed foods helps reduce plaque buildup.

Healthy Lifestyle

Healthy Lifestyle

Finally, lifestyle choices play a key role. Quitting smoking is strongly recommended, as tobacco worsens gum problems. At the same time, managing stress is important, since stress can weaken the immune system. Lastly, limiting alcohol consumption is advisable, because alcohol irritates the oral mucosa.

3. What to Do When Gums Bleed?

Most gum bleeding is occasional and, in most cases, does not require medical treatment. In such situations, you can simply rinse your mouth with diluted salt water or use an antiseptic mouthwash. However, if the bleeding does not stop — particularly if you are taking anticoagulant medications — it is advisable to apply a Stop Hémo® swab directly to the lesion and then remove it once the bleeding has stopped.

Stop Hémo® promotes hemostasis through a dual action:

  • Mechanical (compression): by providing support for platelet adhesion.

  • Biological: by releasing calcium ions that play a role in platelet aggregation and accelerate fibrin formation.

If bleeding persists or becomes chronic, make an appointment with a dentist.

The most appropriate treatment will largely depend on the underlying cause. For example, if bleeding is caused by gingivitis, the dentist will perform a scaling procedure and may prescribe an antiseptic mouthwash. If an underlying condition is suspected, a physical exam or blood test may be recommended.

Key Points to Remember
Congenital bleeding disorders are typically linked to a deficiency or dysfunction of blood platelets or clotting factors, which means that affected individuals often experience prolonged bleeding. Therefore, in the event of a nosebleed, immediate and effective management is essential so as to prevent significant blood loss.

Stop Hémo® swab is recommended for people suffering from congenital bleeding disorders.

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